Exclusive Video of Aurora Australis (Southern Lights)

We have already seen an amazing time-lapse video showing an orbit of the Earth from the International Space Station - as featured first on Mail Online. 

And now astronauts have released another amazing video of their window on the world. 

It shows the Southern Lights, known as the aurora australis, as the space station passed over Eastern Australia on September 11.

Scroll down to see the video 

Green haze: The space station glides towards the Southern Lights, the aurora australis, over Eastern Australia

Spectacular: The stunning sight is formed as charged particles streaming from the Sun - known as the solar wind - interact with Earth's magnetic field, resulting in collisions with atoms of oxygen and nitrogen in the upper atmosphere

These ever-shifting displays are most visible near the North (aurora borealis) and South (aurora australis) Poles.

Around the world in 60 seconds: Incredible time-lapse video from the International Space Station

The stunning sight is formed as charged particles streaming from the Sun – known as the solar wind - interact with Earth’s magnetic field, resulting in collisions with atoms of oxygen and nitrogen (the elements which form the majority of the air we breathe) in the upper atmosphere.

This striking aurora image was taken during a geomagnetic storm that was probably caused by a coronal mass ejection from the Sun - a phenomenon where particles are ejected from the sun, often associated with sunspots.

When high-energy particles from the Sun strike oxygen atoms in our atmosphere, the atoms 'release' the energy in the form of light particles, or photons. These tend to be emitted at wavelengths centered at 0.558 micrometers, or millionths of a metre - which the human eye perceives as green. 

Light from the sun 'reflects' off plant leaves at the same wavelength, which is why plants look green to us. 

The most commonly observed colour of aurora is green, caused by photons (light) emitted by excited oxygen atoms at wavelengths centered at 0.558 micrometers, or millionths of a metre

Red aurora are generated by light emitted at a longer wavelength (0.630 micrometers), and other colours such as purple or brown are also sometimes observed - the colours depend on the energy of the geomagnetic storms, and how high in the atmosphere the impact with oxygen and nitrogen atoms occur. 

While aurora are generally only visible close to the poles, severe magnetic storms impacting the Earth’s magnetic field can shift them towards the equator.

The ISS is the 11th space station ever launched after previous space stations such as Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and MIR. Its orbit is close enough to earth's surface that it is often visible to the naked eye. 

It serves as a research laboratory that has a microgravity environment in which crews conduct experiments in many fields including biology, human biology, physics, astronomy and meteorology. Experiments on the space station also aim to test the feasibility of further missions to the Moon - or even to Mars. 

The station is expected to remain in operation until at least 2020, and potentially to 2028, when some Russian modules will be separated to form the OPSEK space station.

And the European Space Agency estimate that the cost of the station will be $136billion (€100bn) over 30 years. The price of the space station dwarfs even the most expensive earthbound science projects - the Large Hadron Collider cost a mere £6.19bn ($9.72bn) as of June 2010. 

On November 2 last year the ISS marked its 10th anniversary of continuous human occupation, and it was launched almost 11 years ago, on October 31, 2000.

At the time of the anniversary, the station’s odometer read more than 1.5 billion statute miles (the equivalent of eight round trips to the Sun), over the course of 57,361 orbits around the Earth.

Source : http://www.dailymail.co.uk

tag : aurora australis, video, astronauts, dailymail

Wonderful Microscopic Snow or Snowflakes Pictures

 
Since I was a kid, I just know that snow is cold. And when I in Junior High School, I know that snow has unique structure. But, I haven't seen snowflakes structure clearly under microscope. But, just some minutes ago, I found wonderful snow pictures!!
In fact, a lot of people know that snow just have one kind of form, but actually every snow flakes has an unique form that so structured!! 

Just check the pictures below!! These pictures has been taken under a microscope electron.

The snow structure is very beautiful and designed very well. Who was designed all of them. Check my older post here.. :D




source : akirathedon.com




tag  :  snow picture, snowflakes picture under microscope, microscope electron picture snow

Cara Menyembuhkan Tumor Otak

 

Tumor otak ~ makalahkesehatan.co.cc

Tumor otak merupakan penyakit tumor yang sangat berbahaya. Untuk keterangan lebih jelas tentang sebab dan gejala - gejala yang ditimbulkannya, dapat dilihat di www.wikimu.com 

Dengan semakin berkembangnya teknologi di bidang kesehatan, akhirnya seorang peneliti dari Rice University, Baylor College of Medicine, serta Texas Children’s Hospital menemukan cara yang lebih efektif dan aman untuk menghancurkan sel - sel tumor otak.  Pada uji coba menggunakan panas, tumor dari sel kanker otak manusia yang diinjeksikan pada hewan berhasil dihancurkan.  Uji coba tersebut menggunakan nanoshell, nanopartikel yang dapat diaktivasi menggunakan cahaya. Nanoshell tersebut didesain untuk menghancurkan tumor glioma dengan panas.

Metode ini digunakan untuk menghindari efek samping yang tidak diinginkan dari obat-obatan dan terapi lewat radiasi.  Peneliti melaporkan, lebih dari separuh hewan yang menerima perawatan dengan nanoshell untuk mengatasi tumor glioma tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda mengidap kanker hingga tiga bulan setelah perawatan. Hasil uji coba tersebut kemudian dilaporkan pada jurnal Neuro-Oncology.  “Babak pertama dari uji coba terhadap hewan ini menunjukkan bahwa suatu saat, terapi photothermal dengan nanoshell bisa menjadi pilihan masuk akal bagi pasien glioma,” kata Jennifer West, profesor bioengineering dan Kepala Departemen Bioengineering, Rice University.  

Seperti dikutip dari MedIndia, 6 Februari 2011, peneliti menyuntikkan nanoshell pada tikus lalu menunggu selama 24 jam agar nanopartikel berakumulasi di dalam tumor.  Kemudian, sinar laser yang mendekati sinar infra merah--yang tidak berbahaya bagi jaringan yang sehat--dipancarkan ke arah tumor selama tiga menit. Nanoshell tersebut kemudian mengkonversi sinar laser menjadi panas yang mampu mematikan tumor.  Dari tujuh hewan yang mendapatkan perawatan nanoshell, kanker kembali muncul pada tiga hewan di antaranya. Empat hewan lainnya tetap terbebas dari kanker bahkan hingga 90 hari setelah perawatan. 



sumber : vivanews.com, wikimu.com, makalahkesehatan.co.cc






tag : apakah tumor otak, gejala tumor otak, gambar tumor otak, cara menghancurkan sel tumor, menyembuhkan penyakit tumor otak, ilmuwan, teknologi, kesehatan

Kayu Manis bahan Nano Partikel Emas

 
Kayu manis, salah satu rempah-rempah yang biasa ditemukan di dapur ternyata mampu menghadirkan cara yang lebih sederhana dan aman untuk membuat nanopartikel emas.

Kayu Manis

Menurut penelitian, partikel berbahan kayu manis itu juga bahkan bisa digunakan untuk mengatasi kanker.

Sebagai informasi, nanopartikel emas diketahui sangat bermanfaat untuk mendeteksi tumor, melakukan pencarian minyak, menerangi jalan dan menyembuhkan penyakit. Sayangnya, proses pembuatan partikel itu membutuhkan bahan kimia berbahaya.

Nano Partikel Emas

Saat ini, ada beberapa cara untuk membuat nanopartikel emas. Namun umumnya cara yang digunakan melibatkan pelarutan asam chloroauric, atau yang disebut juga dengan garam emas, di dalam cairan dan menambahkan bahan kimia lain untuk mengendapkan atom emas.

Campuran umum lainnya misalnya menggunakan sodium sitrat, sodium borohydrida (yang juga digunakan untuk memutihkan bubur kayu) dan senyawa amonium, yang seluruhnya bisa berbahaya bagi manusia dan lingkungan.

Dalam rangka mempromosikan nanoteknologi ramah lingkungan, peneliti dari University of Missouri mencampurkan garam emas dengan kayu manis.

gambaran nano Partikel emas

Nanopartikel emas bisa dibuat menggunakan campuran kayu manis.

Saat dikombinasikan dengan nanopartikel, bahan phytochemical ini bisa memasuki sel kanker dan menghancurkannya atau membantu memetakannya agar prosedur medis yang lebih akurat bisa diterapkan.

“Nanopartikel emas kami tidak hanya sehat secara ekologi dan biologi, tetapi secara biologi mereka juga aktif melawan sel kanker,” kata Kattesh Katti, profesor di bidang radiology dan fisika dari University of Missouri School of Medicine.

Seperti dikutip dari PopSci, proses pembuatan partikel itu tidak membutuhkan listrik dan bahan kimia selain bahan dasarnya yakni garam emas.

Dalam laporannya yang dipublikasikan di jurnal Pharmaceutical Research, Katti menyebutkan bahwa kayu manis dan biji-bijian, dedaunan, dan jamu-jamuan lain bisa digunakan untuk mengonversikan metal ke nanopartikel tanpa menggunakan bahan kimia berbahaya.

“Pendekatan nanoteknologi ‘hijau’ yang kami gunakan menandakan peran alam tidak bisa diabaikan dalam pengembangan nanoteknologi masa depan,” ucap Katti.

 

source: http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/197713-peneliti-temukan-ramuan-pembuat-emas

Kutub Planet Bumi Bergeser !

 
Setiap kurang lebih 200 ribu tahun sekali, kedua kutub planet Bumi, utara dan selatan saling bergeser. Umumnya, pergeseran kedua kutub itu membutuhkan waktu ribuan tahun.

Scott Bogue, geolog dari Occidental College dan Jonathan Glen, peneliti dari US Geological Survey (USGS) yang mengamati lava di kawasan Nevada yang telah berusia 15 juta tahun.

Hasilnya, dari penelitian, mereka menemukan bahwa kutub planet Bumi pernah bergeser beberapa kali lipat lebih cepat dibanding kecepatan normal. Setidaknya satu kali.

“Saat lava mendingin, ia menyimpan catatan medan magnet Bumi,” kata Bogue, seperti dikutip dari Discovermagazine, 23 Desember 2010. “Setelah mengamati lava yang mengalami pendinginan selama 2 tahun berturut-turut, diketahui bahwa lava di kawasan itu bergeser 53 derajat dari timur ke arah utara dengan kecepatan 1 derajat setiap minggu,” ucapnya.

Awalnya, keduanya mengira ada kesalahan dalam penelitian mereka. Namun pengujian lebih mendetail mengonfirmasikan pola pergeseran tersebut. Bukti lain terjadinya pergeseran kutub terekam oleh lava yang ada di Oregon, yang telah diteliti di tahun 1985 lalu.

Catatan geologi dari medan magnet Bumi juga umumnya mengindikasikan bahwa medan magnet utara-selatan itu bergeser satu kali setiap sekitar 200 ribu tahun. Pergeseran terjadi secara lambat dan membutuhkan 4 ribu tahun untuk selesai.

Meski para ilmuwan belum memastikan apa yang membuat bergesernya kedua kutub, besi cair panas yang mampu menghantarkan listrik yang mengalir di perut bumi diperkirakan menjadi penyebabnya. Apalagi zat ini jugalah yang menimbulkan medan magnet yang ada di kutub Bumi.

Temuan ini diperkirakan akan memicu gelombang perdebatan baru. Sejumlah geolog berpendapat bahwa saat ini medan magnet juga sedang menjalani pergeseran.

Seperti dilaporkan Science News, medan magnet planet Bumi semakin melemah selama abad terakhir. Meski demikian, pergeseran medan magnet tersebut tidak akan terlalu banyak mempengaruhi kehidupan manusia.



sumber : vivanews.com

Solar Powered Insect ; Turns Light Into Electricity

 

The oriental hornet's colors contain power-producing pigments (file picture).

The oriental hornet has built-in "solar cells" that generate electricity from sunlight—a first in the animal kingdom, according to a new study.

Scientists already knew that the hornet species, for unknown reasons, produced electricity inside its exoskeleton, according to study leader Marian Plotkin of Tel-Aviv University.
Plotkin's late mentor Jacob Ishay made the discovery after observing that the insect is active when the sun is most intense—unusual for hornets.
Plotkin and colleagues recently went a step further by examining the structure of the hornet's exoskeleton to find out how the electricity is produced.

Their research revealed that pigments in the hornet's yellow tissues trap light, while its brown tissues generate electricity. Exactly how the hornets use this electricity is still not entirely understood, Plotkin noted.
(See "Implanted Fuel Cell Powered by Rat's Body Fluids.")
"When I was running my experiment, people told me it was never going to work," she said. "I'm so happy at the results."

While solar cells using human-made substances are usually 10 to 11 percent efficient at generating electricity, the hornet's cells are only 0.335 percent efficient. For instance, the hornet still gets the vast majority of its energy from food.
But that's hardly the point, Plotkin said.
"We've seen solar harvesting in plants and bacteria, but never before in animals."


Hornet Pigment a Solar Power Source

The team found that many of the hornet's brown tissues contain melanin, the pigment that protects human skin cells by absorbing damaging ultraviolet light and transforming it into heat.
(Related: "Bio-Computer Created Inside Living Cell.")

A structural analysis of the brown tissues also uncovered grooves that capture light by channeling rays into the tissues and breaking them apart into smaller rays.

The brown tissues "are a lot like a light trap—only one percent of the light that strikes is reflected away," said Plotkin, whose study appeared in the December issue of the journal Naturwissenschaften.
The hornet's yellow tissues contained the obscure pigment xanthopterin, which gives butterfly wings and mammal urine their color. (Read about a urine battery that turns pee into power.)

When the team isolated xanthopterin in a liquid solution, and then placed the solution inside a solid solar cell electrode, a type of conductor. When the scientists shed light on the electrode, the pigment in the solution generated electricity.

"Fabulous" Hornet Study Needs Comparison

Entomologist Chris Lyal at London's Natural History Museum called the study a "fabulous investigation."
"I'd love to see a comparison with the [exoskeleton] structure of other hornets that do not appear to be gathering energy from the sun. In theory, other hornets should have exoskeleton layers that look very different," said Lyal, who was not involved in the study.

It's also possible other insects have similar electricity-generating abilities, Lyal added.
"For instance, I remember coming across the Apollo butterfly in the Pyrenees, which basks in the sun before flying—presumably absorbing solar radiation," he said.
"I wonder how different the hornet tissues actually are from those of that butterfly."



source : http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/12/101221-solar-power-hornet-science-animals/ h

5 IMAGES PROOF THAT ENTIRE SUN ROCK BY EXPLOSION

1. HUGE STORM


A tempest swirls during the beginning of a large solar eruption, one of the first of the new sunspot cycle, on August 1.
Pictures of a series of eruptions that day—made possible by a new satellite—revealed for the first time that outbursts covering the entire sun can be connected.

The ultraviolet image was captured by NASA's newest sun-observing satellite, the Solar Dynamics Observatory, which has been watching the sun nonstop since last spring.
(Related: "NASA Solar Observatory's First Shots.")
Though it started small, the eruption stunned scientists by quickly expanding to envelop much of the star. Scientists had previously known that intense solar activity could occur simultaneously on multiple sections of the sun, but the satellite's new capabilities have enabled researchers to see that these events aren't always coincidental. (See more pictures of solar eruptions.)
"We had to be sort of beaten over the head," Alan Title, a physics professor at Stanford University, said earlier this week at an annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco.

 

2. Solar Connections 

 

Image courtesy K. Schrijver, A. Title, SDO/NASA

Links between activity on different parts of the sun can be seen in this image, which superimposes a map of the sun's magnetic field on an ultraviolet-light image of the growing August 1 storm. (See more sun pictures.)
Scientists had seen multiple events occurring together in smaller solar storms imaged by the Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite but had been slow to realize how strongly the sun's magnetic field sews everything together.

3. "Extreme" Heat

A still from a NASA video of the August 1 ultraviolet emissions shows temperature variations in the sun's corona, which can range from 1.8 to 4 million°F (1 to 2.2 million°C).
The Solar Dynamics Observatory image reveals links among flare-ups hundreds of thousands of miles apart. "These events happen in step, over the whole diameter of the sun," said Karel Schrijver, a research scientist at the Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory in Palo Alto, California.
"So, 1.5 million kilometers [nearly a million miles] of the solar surface is involved at one time."

4. Hot Solar Jets

 

Image courtesy SOHO/NASA

Hot jets shoot from all directions in an August 1 solar coronagraph taken aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO).
Coronographs block out the bright disk of the sun, allowing scientists to see the jets, whose energetic particles can make it all the way to Earth and threaten satellites and power grids. (Read "Magnetic-Shield Cracks Found; Big Solar Storms Expected.")
But accurate warnings are still a thing of the future. "We're where weather forecasters were 50 years ago," said Rodney Viereck, chief of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's space-weather prediction division.

5. Fiery Sun

 

Bright spots and flares can be seen in an August 1 Solar Dynamics Observatory picture taken in ultraviolet light.
These sharper views of the sun's activity may help scientists make better forecasts about sunspot explosions. (See "Sunspot Delay Due to Sluggish Solar 'Jet Stream'?")
"For years solar physicists have been looking for the causes of these explosions in the region that's exploding," said Lockheed Martin's Schrijver. Now scientists are realizing that the triggers may lie far, far away.
That's why scientists need to figure out the processes that store energy in regions where explosions will later occur, he added. "It's like thinking of an avalanche. If there's no snow there, there won't be an avalanche."

source : http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/12/photogalleries/101220-nasa-explosions-sun-solar-eruptions-space-science-pictures/

Nikola Tesla : Ilmuwan Hebat Dengan Penemuan Hebat Yang Terlupakan

 
Kita telah banyak mengenal banyak Ilmuwan terkenal dunia yang menemukan berbagai penemuan luar biasa yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia. Salah satu yang paling terkenal mungkin adalah Thoma Alva Dedison, Seorang penemu generator arus searah , Newton dengan F = m.a nya dan banyak lagi. Namun ada juga Ilmuwan yang tidak dikenal banyak orang, walaupun telah menyumbangkan penemuan yang sangat luar baisa. Salah satu nya adalah Nikola Tesla.
Nikola Tesla adalah seorang ilmuwan penemu populer selain Thomas Alva Edison. Bila Edison terkenal dengan generator arus searah, Tesla adalah penemu generator arus bolak-balik. 
Ilmuwan yang berasal dari Serbia itu juga menemukan teknologi radio dan transfer energi nirkabel. Seperti halnya seorang pesulap, Tesla suka mempertunjukkan penemuannya secara demonstratif.
Ilmuwan yang sempat menjadi asisten Edison itu gemar menjadikan tubuhnya sebagai konduktor, atau juga mematikan saklar listrik berukuran besar di bawah guyuran hujan percikan api.
Namun, tak semua inovasinya bisa menjadi penemuan yang dikenal banyak orang. Situs io9.com mencatat beberapa penemuannya yang belum banyak terungkap, bahkan beberapa di antaranya juga tak pernah berhasil ia tuntaskan atau ia wujudkan.

1. Transfer energi nirkabel jarak jauh
Di masa hidupnya, Tesla menemukan transmisi energi nirkabel dengan menggunakan gelombang mikro, Tesla coil, serta magnifying transmitter. Tesla terobsesi untuk membuat sistem di mana energi bisa dipancarkan ke jarak yang sangat jauh. Untuk mewujudkannya, ia membangun Menara Wardenclyffe yang terletak di Shoreham, Long Island.

Menara dibuat sebagai fasilitas yang bisa memancarkan tenaga listrik. Namun, belakangan JP Morgan, yang mendanai proyek itu, menarik dananya. Karena tak berhasil mencari investor pengganti, akhirnya Tesla terpaksa menelantarkan pembangunan menara tersebut dan tak bisa mewujudkan mimpinya membuat sistem energi listrik nirkabel pertama di dunia.

2. Robot Humanoid

Pada 1898, Tesla mendemonstrasikan temuannya, perahu yang dikendalikan dengan radio control dari jarak jauh di sebuah acara ekshibisi kelistrikan di Madison Square Garden. Ia mempresentasikan temuan bernama Teleautomaton sebagai ras robot pertama, yang bisa melakukan pekerjaan-pekerjaan dengan aman dan efektif.
Ia percaya, temuannya cukup penting bagi militer AS yang membutuhkan semacam torpedo yang bisa dikendalikan dari jarak jauh. Beberapa pihak yang menghargai penemuan ini mengatakan bahwa momentum itu adalah merupakan kelahiran dari robotika.

3. Death Ray
Pada tahun 1930-an, Tesla mengklaim menemukan senjata penembak partikel. Senjata ini sering disebut juga sebagai 'Death Ray' atau 'Peace Ray' (untuk tujuan anti-perang). Senjata ini secara teoritis bisa membangkitkan sebuah sinar energi yang  intens, dapat ditargetkan menuju sasaran tertentu, dan dikirimkan melalui jarak yang sangat jauh.
Senjata ini disebut-sebut sebagai senjata yang sangat ampuh untuk menghancurkan sebuah pesawat tempur atau pasukan musuh. Tesla sempat menjajaki kerja sama dengan beberapa pasukan militer dan pemerintah Internasional untuk membuat alat ini.

Menurut Tesla kepada New York Times edisi 11 Juli 1934, senjata Death Ray miliknya bisa menghancurkan 10 ribu pesawat tempur dari jarak 250 mil, dan bisa membunuh jutaan tentara musuh.
Tak seperti senjata lain, senjata ini diklaim beroperasi tanpa suara, dan tidak akan meninggalkan jejak, bahkan tanpa meninggalkan bukti-bukti kehancuran sama sekali walaupun diditeliti dengan sebuah mikroskop yang canggih sekalipun.
Tidak diketahui apakah Tesla pernah mengerjakan sebuah purwarupa (prototipe) senjata ini, namun rancangan senjata ini pun tak pernah diketemukan bahkan sampai Tesla meninggal.

4. Pesawat udara canggih
Tesla memiliki visi untuk mengaplikasikan teori transfer energi nirkabelnya untuk transportasi. Tesla mengklaim bahwa sebuah pesawat yang ditenagai listrik yang bisa mengangkut penumpang-penumpang dari New York ke London dalam tempo sekitar 3 jam, dengan melintasi delapan mil di atas udara.

Ia juga membayangkan.bahwa pesawat ini mungkin akan bisa menarik tenaga listrik yang dikirimkan secara nirkabel, melalui atmosfer sehingga pesawat tak pernah memerlukan waktu untuk sekadar mengisi bahan bakar
Konsep ini juga bisa diterapkan untuk pesawat perang tak berawak untuk tujuan penyerangan udara atau sejenisnya.

5. Super Electrotherapy

Seorang insinyur bernama Georges Lakhovsky yakin bahwa orang bisa mencapai kesehatan yang prima hanya dengan menyesuaikan getaran sel tubuh mereka.
Belakangan Lakhovsky mengajak Tesla membuat sebuah mesin Multiple Wave Oscillator yang diklaim mampu memperbaiki kondisi kesehatan seseorang, mengenyahkan penyakit atau bahkan menyembuhkan kanker. Namun, banyak yang memandang alat ini hanya sekadar alat perdukunan semata.

Baca juga : Kompetisi Web Kompas Muda & Aqua

sumber  :  vivanews.com



tag : tesla, senjata pemusnah, thomas alva edison, siapakah tesla, penemuan tesla,

TIKUS MUTAN INI MAMPU BERNYANYI !!

 
Sekelompok ilmuwan di Universitas Osaka memodifikasi gen pada tikus yang rentan pada mutasi pada proyek mereka yang bernama Evolved Mouse Project. Dan hasilnya , luar biasa!!

"Mutasi merupakan kekuatan untuk mendorong evolusi. Kami telah melakukan persilangan genetika pada tikus untuk melihat apa yang akan terjadi," kata Arikuni Uchimura pemimpin peneliti itu , seperti dikutip dari  The Telegraph.

Tim ini lalu memeriksa setiap tikus yang lahir dari hasil persilangan tersebut. "Satu hari, kami menemukan tikus yang bernyanyi seperti burung," Arukuni. Dia mengkau sangat terkejut dengan penemuan itu karena dia berharap adanya tikus yang memiliki fisik berbeda.

Dia mencatat bahwa 'tikus bernyanyi' itu lahir secara kebetulan tetapi sifat akan diwariskan ke generasi mendatang.

Berikut ini video resmi yang dipublikasikan AFP,


Laboratorium yang dikomandoi Takeshi Yagi, profesor di universitas yang terletak di Jepang bagian barat ini sekarang memiliki lebih dari 100 'tikus bernyanyi' untuk penelitian lebih lanjut.

Tim peneliti ini berharap menemukan petunjuk bagaimana manusia berevolusi bahasa, seperti penelitian di berbagai negara yang meneliti burung pipit untuk membantu mereka memahami asal-usul bahasa manusia.

Dari informasi itu Ilmuwan dapat menemukan bagaimana alur perkemabangan bahasa manusia, sehingga akan sangat membantu dunia pendidikan dan pengembangan teknologi.


 Kunjungi Juga : Kompetisi Web Kompas Muda Aqua

sumber Inspirasi : vivanews.com

7 Bizarre Hybrid Animals, Real or Fake?

Ligers and Tigons

Lions and tigers don't typically brush shoulders in the wild since they live in different areas. But in captivity, that's another story. The cats are closely related and so can interbreed. A liger is the result of breeding a male lion to a tigress, while a tigon results from a male tiger mating with a lioness.  Since lions and tigers do not exist in the same areas, this is not something that happens in the wild.
These feline hybrids suffer from many birth defects and usually die young, according to Big Cat Rescue, a non-profit educational sanctuary in Tampa, Fla.  And since ligers are usually larger than either parent, the heft puts the tigress at great risk in carrying the young and may require C-section deliveries, according to the organization.
Credit: josh99smith/Flickr

Hybrid Salamanders

 
In the middle of the 20th century, local fishermen who relied on baby salamanders as bait introduced the barred tiger salamander to California water bodies. These newbies came into contact with the native California tiger salamanders, and over time the two species mated. "To give you a sense of the difference between these two species, they are about as closely related as humans and chimpanzees," said Ben Fitzpatrick of the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, in a press statement.
The resulting hybrid offspring were a surprise, because they not only survived but thrived. Research has mostly shown that animal hybrids aren't as "fit" as other animals. The results were published in 2007 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
 Credit: Bruce Delgado / Bureau of Land Management

Humpless Llama

A humpless camel was born in 1998 at the Camel Reproduction Center in Dubai. The odd-looking camel, now referred to as a "cama," was the cross between a male camel and a female llama. Because of the big difference in size between the two mates, the interbreeding usually involves artificial insemination. Like its mother, the little one (dubbed Rama) had no hump and cloven hooves, according to news reports. Its short ears and long tail came from dad.
BOTTOM LINE: REAL
Credit: Charles Q. Choi

Wholphins

The first captive wholphin, Keikaimalu, was born in 1985. The hybrid animal, whose name means "the peaceful sea," is a cross between an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) mother and a false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) father. While there are many instances of hybrid species, most are sterile and can't produce offspring.
Keikaimalu has given birth to three calves, with one living for nine years and another surviving for just days, according to news reports. The surviving calf was born in 2005. The wholphins display characteristics that are intermediate of both parents. The coloration is similar to that of Keikaimalu's false killer whale father (black with a gray stomach), while the rostrum has a blunted bottle shape and 66 teeth. Bottlenose dolphins have 88 teeth, and false killer whales have 88 teeth, according to Sea Life Park in Hawaii, where the wholphins reside.
BOTTOM LINE: REAL
Credit: Wiki Commons.

Mules and Hinnies

A cross between a male donkey and female horse will produce a mule. A hinny is the offspring of a stallion (male horse) and a jenny (female donkey). Mules and hinnies are usually sterile, according to the Honolulu zoo.
Mules have traits from both mom and dad, with ears that are longer than a horse's but the same shape, and combination hair — with coarse mane hair and a tail more horse-like. And the animal makes a sound that's a combination of the horse's whinny and the grunting of the wind-down of a bray, according to the American Donkey and Mule Society.
BOTTOM LINE: REAL
Credit: Dreamstime

Humanzee

The Humanzee never came to life. But it could have. A few years ago, scientists critical of the proliferation of freaky lab experiments applied for a patent to crossbreed a human with a chimp. They were denied and would never have carried out the procedure, anyway, they said. Too bad: The little mutant could have had an easy life in Hollywood.
BOTTOM LINE: FAKE
Credit: Luc Sesselle / Stock.XCHNG

Polar-Grizzly Mix

What happens when you cross a polar bear with a grizzly bear? Turns out, the babies sport a mix of features, such as partially hollow hairs. This mating story began in 2004 when a female brown bear gave birth to two brown-polar bear hybrids at the Osnabruck Zoo in Germany. The cubs were transported to another zoo to see what would happen if they were raised without the intervening of either their polar-bear or grizzly-bear parents. When scientists examined the offspring, they found the bears had long necks and visible tails similar to polar bears and small shoulder humps like brown bears.
Some features showed a mix between the parents: For instance, the soles of the hybrids' feet were partly covered in hair. (Polar bears have hair-covered feet while grizzlies have hairless soles.) And the hair on the hybrids' back was hollow, but with smaller hollow regions than in hair of polar bears. The male hybrid, however, turned out to be sterile. The results were published in 2009 in the journal Der Zoologische Garten.
BOTTOM LINE: REAL
Credit: Wiki Commons.


source : livescience.com

10 Facts About Malware Infections

Infections happen

According to the report, of all the computers that visited the Microsoft Malicious Software Removal Tool (MSRT) in the first half of 2009, 8.7 out of 1,000 (that is, not quite one percent) had some kind of malware infection identifiable by the tool.

The hot spots were Serbia and Montenegro, where the rate was 97.2 per thousand, Turkey with 32.3, Brazil with 25.4, Spain with 21.6, South Korea with 21.3, Saudi Arabia with 20.8, and Taiwan with 20.4.

The cleanest were computers in Finland with a rate of 1.9. The U.S. rate of 8.6 was nearly the same as the global average. (Other sources--typically malware protection vendors who see no reason to be coy--quote much higher infection rates.) Not mentioned by the Microsoft report is that Apple Macintosh infections remain rare.

 Malware amounts to an ecosystem

There's viruses that replicate themselves and spread to other computers, sometimes just for its own sake.
They're called worms if they do it through e-mail or instant messaging. Trojans follow the metaphor of Homer's Trojan Horse, whose occupants emerged in the night to open the Troy's gates to a devastating attack. Spyware watches your actions for marketing purposes. Adware produces annoying popup ads. Malware, incidentally, is any software you didn't ask for, especially software that has malicious intent. A bug, meanwhile, is any software that doesn't work right--and may be preferable to malware.

 Malware has many sources.

You can get an infection by visiting a malicious Web site, or by clicking a file attached to spam e-mail, through a p2p file-sharing network, by downloading what you thought was free software, or by using an infected removable device like a USB memory stick. Intrusion attacks can come in over the Internet.

Malware can bite.

Many trojans will download other malware that take root in our computer and start doing nasty things. These include password stealers and keyloggers that will try to swipe your account information so that someone else can swipe your money. Or they may turn your computer in to botnet node, under the remote control of a bot herder, who will typically use it to spew spam.

Trojans rule (in the U.S.)

If you're going to get an infection, at least in the U.S. it's likely to be some kind of Trojan. According to the SIR, 42 percent of the infections that the MSRT discovered were Trojans. Adware was also big at 16.3 percent. Nasty password stealers amounted to 4.1 percent. Elsewhere, infections are a toss-up. In Brazil, for instance, password stealers aimed at on-line banking predominate. Spain and South Korea have little in common, but both are afflicted by worms that target on-line gamers.

 Vulnerabilities vary.

Not all operating systems are equally vulnerable. Microsoft's figures show that unpatched Windows XP has an infection rate of about 32.5 per thousand--about four times the global average. The rate falls to a sub-average 8 for thousand for Windows XP with Service Pack 3 (i.e., fully updated.) The rate for updated Vista machines was 3.1 per thousand for the 32-bit version, and 2 per thousand for the 64-bit version.

Patching works.

Hackers have a reputation of being ahead of the software vendors, but in reality they often use vulnerabilities for which patches has already been issued. Even when the bad guys get the upper hand, it may not be for long. Microsoft likes to use the example of the "Reno" Trojan that was attacking Vista, causing Windows Explorer to generate trackable error reports. After Microsoft issued a patch, the reports fell from 1.2 million error reports daily to less than 100,000--in three days. Within a month it was off the chart.

Updating works.

The rate of infection of 64-bit versions of software was usually a third lower than the rate of infection of the 32-bit version.

Malware is not the only danger.

The big news is the rise in phishing--e-mail that tries to trick you into revealing information that could be used for ID theft or other fraud. The phishers have been going after denizens of social networking sites and even large corporations.

The upshot: update your gray matter.

Software can't protect you against the phishing plague--only common sense can do that. If some random e-mail asks for your personal information because somehow otherwise your bank account, or our game subscription, or your corporate computer privileges will be suspended, delete it.


 source : livescience.com

Ternyata Ulat Bulu pun Bisa Bersiul

siulan ulat bulu bisa membuat burung lari tunggang langgang.

Ulat bulu ternyata tak cuma mahir membuat sekujur tubuh Anda gatal-gatal tak keruan, tapi juga bisa bersiul layaknya seekor burung.

Memang ulat bulu memang tak akan bersiul seperti burung melalui mulut mereka. Namun, menurut para peneliti, ulat bulu bisa bersiul dengan melalui sisi-sisi tubuh mereka.

Ini mereka lakukan sebagai mekanisme pertahanan diri untuk mengusir burung-burung predator. Dari hasil penelitian terhadap ulat bulu sphinx walnut caterpillar atau Arnorpha juglandis, asal siulan mereka berasal dari tubuh mereka.

Seperti dikutip dari Livescience, setelah diamati melalui video berkecepatan tinggi, para periset berkesimpulan ketika ulat bersiul, mereka menekan kepala mereka ke belakang.
Ini Videonya


Ini dilakukan untuk menekan rongga di tubuh mereka sehingga suara siulan akan keluar m
elalui delapan pasang lubang angin di perut mereka.

Masing-masing pasang rongga perut itu berdecit sekitar empat detik, dengan rentang frekuensi yang bisa didengar oleh burung maupun manusia, hingga suara ultrasound.

Saat para peneliti mengamati ulat tersebut, burung warbler (burung yang pandai berkicau) yang hendak memangsa ulat itu, biasanya akan kaget dan lari tunggang langgang ketika ulat mulai bersiul. Siulan ulat bulu ini selalu menyelamatkannya dari sergapan burung warbler.

"Burung-burung ini sepertinya terkaget-kaget dengan siulan si ulat karena tidak mengira akan bunyi tersebut," ujar Jayne Yack, Neuroethologist dari Carleton University, Ottawa Kanada.




sumber : http://www.livescience.com

tag : ulat bersiul, hewan unik, scinece

33 BEST DRAMATIC ANIMAL PHOTO 2011

Sometimes we take wildlife pictures that we see in books and magazines for granted; seldom does it give you the impressions that they were taken easily. The truth is, photographing animals (especially in wildlife) is very involved, such a moment could only be told through some timely amazing shots. For someone who loves animals, photographing them can be both very fulfilling and frustrating at the same time. Excellent animal photography requires experience, knowledge and patience.
Animals can make very eye catching subjects to photograph in wild. Taking wildlife photography in a place where the animals don’t fear humans makes your task a bit difficult. In their natural environment, animals often provide many opportunities for taking dramatic shots. Let’s now take a look at some of these dramatic images of animal photography to see emotions in the wild nature.



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source : www.noupe.com
Tags: animals, Photography